Occipital Neuralgia

Occipital neuralgia is a distinct type of headache characterized by throbbing, piercing pain in the upper neck, back of head, and behind the eyes. The pain usually begins in the neck and spreads upwards. Some individuals will experience pain in the forehead, and behind the eyes. The scalp may also be tender to the touch and eyes may be sensitive to light. The location of the pain is related to the areas supplied by the occipital nerves. These nerves run from the areas where the spinal column meets the neck, up to the scalp at the back of the head. The pain is caused by irritation or injury to the nerves. Localized inflammation or infection, diabetes, and frequent lengthy periods of keeping the head in a downward and forward position are also associated with occipital neuralgia. However, in many cases no cause can be found. A relief of pain after an anesthetic nerve block will confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is generally symptomatic and includes massage and rest. In certain cases, antidepressants may be used when the pain is intolerable. Other treatments may include local nerve blocks and injections of steroids into the affected area.